Cervical cancer is one of the most rampant cancer types in women, specifically those that live in developing countries. It is caused by the unusual growth of cells in the cervix, which is the lower section of the uterus that connects it to the vagina. Though there are several contributing factors to cervical cancer, the most common one is the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Therefore, to curb the number of people that develop cervical cancer, it is essential to first deal with this virus.
About HPV
The term HPV represents a group of over 100 types of viruses. However, not all of the viruses classified under this name cause cancer, as approximately 14 of them are responsible for the development of cervical cancer. However, all HPV viruses are sexually transmitted, and most people quickly get infected with them shortly after sexual contact. Among all the viruses that fall under this category, however, two specific ones are responsible for the highest number of cancer conditions. The two types, 16 and 18, are responsible for the development of over 70% of all cervical cancer cases and precancer cervical lesions. Furthermore, studies have also linked HPV with causing cancer in the anus, vulva, vagina, and penis.
Generally, when the body is exposed to this virus, it protects itself by preventing it from causing any harm. However, there are cases whereby the virus manages to survive for a long time, sometimes even years. This eventually kick-starts the process where the cervical cells turn and become cancer cells. However, with the advancements in medicine in the past decades, some breakthroughs can help both women and men prevent the harmful interaction of the HPV with their bodies. One such measure is through the help of HPV screening to ensure that you do not have the virus. For those that are negative, there are HPV vaccines that help prevent infection. Additionally, though there may be no cure for the HPV virus, there are several treatments that can treat any genital warts caused by the virus. Furthermore, some treatments can help treat precancerous cervical lesions.
Cervical cancer
Though several conditions may contribute to the development of cervical cancer, such as environmental factors, HPV is the most common cause. Moreover, the mean age of women that develop cervical precancer is 30 years. Cervical precancer is a condition whereby cells in the cervices experience changes that make them more likely to develop cancer later on. This condition is not cancer, however, if the condition is not treated in time, the patient in question may develop cancer later on in life. Cervical precancer has no symptoms, and that is why adult women should make an effort to undertake Pap tests to ensure that everything is in order. If the Pap test shows the abnormal development of cells in the cervices, measures can be taken to remedy this as soon as possible. Furthermore, the test should also be taken regularly, preferably every six months. The mean age of women who develop cervical cancer is 49 years.
When cervical cancer develops, the early stages do not show any signs or symptoms. However, when it progresses, it shows the following symptoms:
• Vaginal bleeding after intercourse, and abnormal bleeding even when the woman in question is not experiencing her periods. It can also happen after menopause.
• Some women may have a watery and bloody vaginal discharge. This discharge may have a dense texture and may have an unpleasant odor.
• Patients may experience recurrent pelvic pain, or pain during sex.
There are two main types of cervical cancer. For doctors, it is imperative to determine which type of cancer their patient is suffering from. An accurate diagnosis helps in increasing the efficiency of the treatment administered. The main types of cervical cancer include:
• Squamous cell carcinoma- This type of cancer first develops in the outer region of the cervix (the Squamous cells) and spreads into the vagina. It is the most common type of cervix cancer.
• Adenocarcinoma – This type of cancer begins with the lining of the cervical canal.
Ways to prevent cervical cancer
• Consult your doctor on HPV vaccines- proper vaccination against HPV can help prevent infection and thereby reduce the chances of contracting cervical cancer and other cancers related to HPV.
• Regular Pap test- Pap tests help detect precancer conditions. With the help of this diagnosis, the condition can be treated before it can develop further.
• Protected sex- since HPV is a sexually transmitted virus, it is essential to have protected sex, to prevent infection. One of the best preventative measures is the use of condoms and reducing the number of sexual partners.
It is essential to consult your doctor in case of any developments regularly. Prevention is always better than cure.